Target 12: By 2020 implement policies and strategies to maintain and restore ecosystem integrity, and reduce ecosystems degradation to enhance the livelihoods and well-being of all Zimbabweans, especially those of women, indigenous and local communities,

Although though the CAMPFIRE programme Zimbabwe is renowned for its participatory approaches to conservation, it has seen its performance decline for various reasons. Some of the threats facing biodiversity in Zimbabwe, such as unsustainable harvesting, habitat destruction and wildfires, are linked to reduced benefits from biodiversity – actual and perceived – for local and other stakeholders