National targets | Zimbabwe National Biodiversity Clearing House

Title	Rationale	Aichi targets
Target 1: By 2020, at least 75% of the population is aware of the values of biodiversity and the steps they can take to conserve and use it sustainably	A study was done on biodiversity mainstreaming as part of the process for developing NBSAP2 • Mainstreaming of biodiversity across government and society was identified as a priority area • Effective...	1.1. People are aware of the values of biodiversity 1.2. People are aware of the steps they can take to conserve and sustainably use biodiversity
Target 2: By 2020, biodiversity is mainstreamed into all seven sectors (mining, agriculture, health, manufacturing, transport, energy and tourism) and incorporated into national accounting and reporting systems	In the study on biodiversity mainstreaming when NBSAP2 was being developed, the following sectors were identified as having high impact on biodiversity: mining, industry, transport, agriculture...	2.1. Biodiversity values integrated into national and local development and poverty reduction strategies 2.2. Biodiversity values integrated into national and local planning processes 2.3. Biodiversity values incorporated into national accounting, as appropriate 2.4. Biodiversity values incorporated into reporting systems 3.1. Incentives, including subsidies, harmful to biodiversity, eliminated, phased out or reformed in order to minimize of avoid negative impacts 3.2. Positive incentives for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity developed and applied 4.1. Governments, business and stakeholders at all levels have taken steps to achieve, or have implemented, plans for sustainable production and consumption 4.2. Have kept the impacts of use of natural resources well within safe ecological limits
Target 3: By 2020, reduce the rate of loss of natural habitats including forests by at least 50%	Forest cover and diversity have been rapidly declining due to expansion of agriculture, unsustainable exploitation of fuelwood, infrastructural developments, uncontrolled fires, invasive alien species...	5.1. The rate of loss of forests is at least halved and where feasible brought close to zero 5.2. The loss of all habitats is at least halved and where feasible brought close to zero 5.3. Degradation and fragmentation are significantly reduced
Target 4: By 2020, ecosystem-based approaches to aquatic resources management are being applied on Lake Kariba and other water bodies so as to avoid overfishing, enable the recovery of fish stocks, and reduce loss of indigenous species	Zimbabwe’s aquatic ecosystems are threatened by high pollution levels and the spread of invasive alien species such as water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus...	6.1. All fish and invertebrate stocks and aquatic plants are managed and harvested sustainably, legally and applying ecosystem based approaches 6.2. Recovery plans and measures are in place for all depleted species 6.3. Fisheries have no significant adverse impacts on threatened species and vulnerable ecosystems 6.4. The impacts of fisheries on stocks, species and ecosystems are within safe ecological limits, i.e. overfishing avoided
Target 5: By 2020, 60% of areas under agriculture, aquaculture and forestry are managed sustainably, ensuring conservation of biodiversity and sustainable land use	The major direct drivers of ecosystems change and biodiversity loss in Zimbabwe have been accelerated urban housing construction, expansion in agriculture and mining, unsustainable exploitation of...	7.1. Areas under agriculture are managed sustainably, ensuring conservation of biodiversity 7.2. Areas under aquaculture are managed sustainably, ensuring conservation of biodiversity 7.3. Areas under forestry are managed sustainably, ensuring conservation of biodiversity
Target 6: By 2020, integrated pollution prevention and control strategies are in place to reduce detrimental effects to ecosystem functioning and biodiversity	Zimbabwe’s aquatic ecosystems are threatened by high pollution levels largely due to excessive use of fertilizer and discharge of industrial effluent and untreated sewage • Acid mine drainage due to...	8.1. Pollutants (of all types) has been brought to levels that are not detrimental to ecosystem function and biodiversity 8.2. Pollution from excess nutrients has been brought to levels that are not detrimental to ecosystem function and biodiversity
Target 7: By 2020, threats to biodiversity from invasive alien species have been assessed and measures put in place to control and manage their impact	Despite the widespread occurrence of invasive alien species in Zimbabwe, no comprehensive data on plant and animal invasive species are available	9.1. Invasive alien species identified and prioritized 9.2. Pathways identified and prioritized
Target 8: By 2020, adaptation and mitigation strategies are implemented to reduce the impact of climate change on vulnerable ecosystems and communities	The impacts of climate change in Zimbabwe are likely to be detrimental to some ecosystems and will affect the country’s development and pose a serious risk to food security and adaptive capacity • The...	10.1. Multiple anthropogenic pressures on coral reefs are minimized, so as to maintain their integrity and functioning 10.2. Multiple anthropogenic pressures on other vulnerable ecosystems impacted by climate change or ocean acidification are minimized, so as to maintain their integrity and functioning 15.1. Ecosystem resilience and the contribution of biodiversity to carbon stocks have been enhanced through conservation and restoration 15.2. At least 15 per cent of degraded ecosystems are restored, contributing to climate change mitigation and adaptation, and to combating desertification
Target 9: By 2020, at least 28% of Zimbabwe’s terrestrial and inland water under protection, is maintained and conserved, and protected area connectivity enhanced through integrated resource management	The major threats to ecosystems, species and genetic diversity in Zimbabwe are land use and land use changes and their associated drivers. To ensure that ecosystems, species and genetic diversity are...	11.1. At least 17 per cent of terrestrial and inland water areas are protected. 11.2. At least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas are protected 11.3. Areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem services protected 11.4. Protected areas are ecologically representative 11.5. Protected areas are effectively and equitably managed 11.6. Protected areas are well connected and integrated into the wider landscape and seascape
Target 10: By 2020 the loss of known threatened species has been prevented and their conservation status, particularly of those most in decline, has been improved and sustained	Although a number of species in Zimbabwe are known to be vulnerable, endangered and critically endangered, the status of a number of them is unclear, and there is need to take measures to ensure no...	12.1. Extinction of known threatened species has been prevented 12.2. The conservation status of those species most in decline has been improved and sustained